How are object-relational databases characterized in modern GIS?

Object-relational databases in modern Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are characterized by their ability to store complex data structures that include multiple GIS layers, each with its associated attribute tables. This structure enhances the functionality and scalability of GIS applications, enabling them to handle spatial and non-spatial data more effectively.

Having many GIS layers allows for a more sophisticated representation of geographic phenomena. Each layer can represent a different type of data, such as transportation networks, land use, or elevation data, and the associated attribute tables provide detailed information about each feature in those layers. This organization supports advanced querying and analysis capabilities within the database, facilitating complex spatial operations and relationships among the different data sets.

Thus, the correct characterization of object-relational databases in the context of modern GIS encompasses multiple layers and their corresponding attribute tables, reflecting a robust approach to managing and analyzing geographic information.