How is geography defined in the context of study?

Geography, in the context of study, encompasses a broad investigation into the relationship between the earth's physical features and the human activities that take place on its surface. This definition indicates that geography is not solely about natural landscapes or phenomena, but rather how these elements interact with human existence, behaviors, cultures, and societal developments.

By focusing on both the physical aspects (such as terrain, climate, and resources) and the human aspects (such as settlement patterns, economic activities, and cultural practices), this approach enables a holistic understanding of the spatial dynamics at play. This integration of human and environmental factors is essential for comprehensively addressing geographical issues and challenges, making option A the most accurate definition of geography in this context.

The other options, while related to aspects of geography, are too narrow in their scope. For instance, measuring land surfaces, analyzing climate patterns, and mapping coordinates represent specific methods or subfields within the broader discipline of geography, rather than encapsulating its entirety as the combination of human and environmental study does.