What determines the size of the surface features that microwave radar can discriminate?

The size of the surface features that microwave radar can discriminate is primarily determined by the wavelength of the radar signals. This relationship is rooted in the principles of wave physics, particularly how waves interact with objects.

Microwave radar operates by emitting waves that can either reflect or scatter when they encounter features on the Earth's surface. The ability of these radar waves to resolve or distinguish objects is linked to their wavelength; specifically, features that are smaller than or close to the wavelength of the radar cannot be easily distinguished. This means that longer wavelengths may not be able to differentiate between two closely spaced objects, while shorter wavelengths can better resolve such details.

Therefore, when it comes to discerning various surface features, the characteristics of the radar waves, particularly their wavelength, play a critical role. This understanding underscores the importance of selecting an appropriate radar wavelength based on the surface features of interest for effective geospatial intelligence applications.