What technology enables multiple server instances on a single piece of hardware?

The technology that enables multiple server instances on a single piece of hardware is virtualization. Virtualization allows for the creation of virtual machines (VMs) that can run different operating systems and applications on a single physical server. Each virtual machine operates independently, sharing the hardware resources of the host server while being isolated from one another. This maximizes resource utilization, reduces hardware costs, and improves flexibility and scalability within IT environments. Virtualization is foundational in cloud computing and data center operations, where it allows organizations to efficiently manage workloads and deploy services rapidly.

In contrast, the other options do not facilitate the creation of multiple server instances in the same way. Open source refers to software that is available for use and modification by anyone. Remote desktop technology allows a user to access a computer remotely but does not inherently create multiple instances on the same hardware. Network Attached Storage (NAS) is focused on providing file storage over a network rather than managing multiple independent server instances.