Which of the following was NOT a predecessor National Geospatial-Intelligence Organization?

The National Security Agency (NSA) was not a predecessor organization of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Organization (NGA). Instead, the NSA primarily focuses on signals intelligence and information assurance, dealing largely with electronic communications and encryption. While the NSA does have roles that intersect with geospatial intelligence, particularly in areas involving geolocation, its primary mission diverges significantly from the core functions of geospatial intelligence.

In contrast, the other options listed were directly involved in geospatial and imagery intelligence efforts prior to the establishment of the NGA. The Defense Mapping Agency provided mapping and geospatial support to military operations, the Central Imagery Organization emerged to coordinate imagery intelligence across various agencies, and the Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Organization was involved in airborne reconnaissance missions that generated vital geospatial data. These organizations contributed foundational elements to what became the more integrated and focused NGA.